EXPLANATIONS AND DESIGNATIONS The daily results: positions, areas and other characteristics of sunspots of all sunspot groups lasting for two or more days are tabulated for each day and arranged in synodic rotations according to Carrington's numeros of rotation. (The one-day groups are generally omitted from this catalogue, however, those one-day groups which emerged not too far off from another group are given in the Notes on Sunspot Groups.) The data for each individual unit of spots, which is either a single spot or a small compact cluster of nearby spots of various kinds of size are given in a separate line. Data of some important umbrae within a common penumbra are sometimes given in separate lines marked with the letter U. All data are based on direct observational results and can be considered as basic data. In each sunspot group the data of spots of opposite magnetic polarities are separately summarized in the lines indicated strikingly with the adequate letters p and f. On the northern hemisphere in Cycle No 21 the p-spots are the spots of N magnetic polarity. When the p-polarity part (or the f-polarity part) of the group consists only one isolated single spot or only one cluster of nearby spots, then next to the corresponding letter p (or f) an asterisk (*), or a cross (+) shows this fact, respectively. Of course, in these cases the p- and f-parts belong also to the basic data set. (Instead of * and + a "large black dot" and a "similar but crossed off dot" were used in DPR 1977, respectively.) The principal data of a sunspot group (taken as a whole) are given in the line marked with the GROUP NO. Also in this line, a three-digit number (instead of the pictogram used in DPR 1977) shows roughly the main characteristics of the relative crowding of different spot areas and their magnetic polarities within the group.(See the tables at the end of this file.) The areas of sunspots: the "projected" area as it is measured on the photographs are expressed in millionths of the apparent solar disc, while the "corrected" area, i.e., corrected for geometrical foreshortening are expressed in millionths of the Sun's hemisphere (cf. DPR 1977,p.29). The designations U or U+P generally relate to the corrected umbra or umbra+penumbra (i.e. whole spot) areas, respectively. ARRANGEMENT OF THE TABULATED DAILY DATA: IN THE HEAD-LINE of each day: the calendar date, Rot No, time when the photographs are taken (expressed in days and decimals of a day reckoning from 0 hour UT at commencement of the year, /hours and minutes of observation/), and the place of observation ( G /Gyula/, K /Kislovodsk/, U /Kiev/, T /Tashkent/, S /Ussurijsk/ ) are given. ________ In the LABELLED columns of the tabulated data: GROUP No - Serial number of sunspot groups in continuation of DPR 1977. Next to the Group No a letter calls attention that the group was b o r n on the disc (b), or an already existing one came i n t o sight (i), or d i e d out on the disc (d), or the Sun's rotation carried it o v e r the western limb (o). (The letters: b,d,i,o are used in the same sense both in the General catalogue of g r o u p s and in the Catalogue of recurrent s u n s p o t s.) SPOT SIGN - Spot designations, a special identification n u m b e r for spots that have been traceable from one day to the next. (A half parenthesis to the right denotes the uncertain identification.) The p-polarity spots are denoted by ODD numbers and those with f-polarities by EVEN numbers. The numbers after the decimal point are used regardless of polarity and have the same meaning as the"small index numbers"in DPR 1977,p.42. MAGN POL - N or S denotes the north or south magnetic spot polarity determined by magnetic observation. An apostrophe (') after the letter of polarity indicates that the magnetic observation was performed some days earlier or later and the polarity has been actually determined by way of spot identification, or that the polarity was determined only through the proper motion of the spot. A half parenthesis to the right, e.g. N) or S), shows that the polarity has never been verified individually and it had to be concluded from the surrounding spots of known polarities. The sign of polarity is in parentheses, e.g. (N) or (S), in case of an uncertain polarity. A letter d after the three-digit number in the line of GROUP No indicates a delta-configuration (cf. DPR 1977,p.47), and if it seemed to be important enough, the polarity of the two umbrae of opposite polarities (given in separate lines) are marked with the same sign, e.g., N > or N < S > S < etc. NUMBER OF SPOTS - Numbers of umbrae and of distinctively separated spots: U - Number of definitely separated umbrae of U >= 2. (In the lines marked with U the number of U=1 umbrae are also given between solidi.) Next to the number of umbrae a one-letter abbreviation indicates, if reasonable, the main character of distribution of the area of umbra(e) within each penumbra: c: compact; b: broken, but still compact; 1b: single umbra with clefts, but continuously uninterrupted; d: several umbrae irregularly dispersed, or two far-off umbrae; e: one larger umbra dispersedly surrounded by some smaller ones; t: train of a linkage-like sequence of umbrae, roughly lined up. m - Number of major and middle-size individual spots defined as U >= 30 and 29 >= U >= 16, respectively. s - Number of small individual spots defined as 15 >= U >= 2, including at least one umbra of U >= 2. (At the m- and s- spots the U applies to the sum of umbra areas within one single penumbra, including the U=1 umbra areas, too.) Next to the number, if reasonable, a one-letter abbreviation supplies information on the most conspicuous feature of the penumbra: r: regular, i.e. ring-formed, roughly symmetrical as compared to the umbra(e), outer contour distinct and continuous; q: quasi-regular, if outskirts somewhere outbowed or serrated; p: partially regular, if outer contour somewhere indistinct and/or discontinuous, but some part of regular type; n: nebulous, i.e. more or less diffused, contour indistinct; u: undefined, e.g. close to the solar limb, or if two or more spots apparently share a common penumbra; a: asymmetric around the umbra(e), this terminology is only used if asymmetry is the most remarkable feature beyond the ones specified above; *: marks the spots which strikingly show the Wilson-effect. y - Number of spots that have only one or more umbrae of U=1. Any spot with a tiny dark core has been considered as an y-spot. x - Number of spots without any dark core (i.e., U=0). U U+P area - The area is the sum of areas of all m-, s-, y- and x-spots indicated within the same line. Instead of a "zero" umbra area there is a hyphen given. A half parenthesis to the right of a hyphen indicates that the umbral area was not measurable in cases of close proximity to the solar limb. If reasonable, the individual area data for all U >= 2 are separately given in the EXTRA DATA column. In these cases a sign of equality (=) after the umbra area data indicates that the area relates to more than one umbra. However, for those with U=1 only an additional + sign is used (e.g., 17= has the meaning that in the Extra Data it may be found: 10+5+ ). The same signs (e.g., > or <, etc.) at the right side of the U+P area data of two or more spots of the group indicate that the outskirts of these spots are in contact. If two or more umbrae are given in separate lines, being of opposite polarities, or members of different bipolar pairs and it was not possible to measure their penumbrae separately, then their U+P area data are only estimated and marked at the left side with a half parentheses and at the right side with some identical signs, e.g., ( 10> (120> i.e., two umbrae (two spots ! ) have apparently a common penumbra. A half parenthesis to the right of U or U+P area data denotes an uncertain area measurement. B, L, Lcm - Heliographic coordinates: latitude (B), Carrington longitude (L) and longitude from central meridian (Lcm=L-Lo) are given in deg. THETA, r/R - The position angle (THETA) measured eastward (positive) from the north pole of the Sun's axis is given in deg. The distance (r) from the Sun's disc centre is in units of the Sun's measured radius (R) (for the tabulated r/R data the first zero digit is omitted). For all individual m-, s- and y-spots their position data (B,L,Lcm,THETA and r/R) are in fact umbra positions. If a spot has more than one umbra, its position is the weighted arithmetic average, calculated on the basis of the measured positions and areas of umbrae (including also the umbrae of U=1) and the umbra areas were used as weights. Concerning any collectivity of m-, s-, y- and x-spots, given in one line, the position data (B,L, Lcm, THETA and r/R) are the weighted arithmetic averages of the relevant individual positions, calculated by using the U+P areas as weights. The positions of p- and f-parts of a group are obtained in the same manner (using U+P weights). The position of the whole group is calculated similarly from the positions of the p- and f-parts. A half parenthesis to the left of B and another half parenthesis to the right of r/R, in the same line, indicate that all position data are uncertain. EXTRA DATA * indicates that additional information is given in the Notes on Sunspot Groups. > indicates that the Extra Data are continued in an adjacent line marked with <. x or + sign of reference. (These are not used where it is evident as to which spots are referred to in the Extra Data.) NUMBER AFTER A SIGN OF REFERENCE AND A POINT (e.g., x.5) is a spot area of U+P > 2 for y- and/or x-spots, if it is reasonable to give these areas separately, too. N,S,E,W LETTERS WITH OR WITHOUT AN ADJACENT NUMBER indicate roughly the relative positions within a cluster of two or more spots (or umbrae) given in a line of basic data: The direction along solar meridians and parallels is shown by the letters N (north), S (south) and E (east), W (west), respectively; the adjacent number is the longitude or the latitude difference of the spots, expressed in units of tenths of one degree. A figure is generally given if it is greater than 5 (i.e., the coordinate differences > 0.5 degree). The relative position of a spot (or umbra) in respect to a more important one is generally indicated. The m-, s-, y- and x-categories of spots are regarded as a series of decreasing importance category. If two spots belong to the same category, the larger spot is considered as the more important. t designates a train-like configuration of three or more spots roughly lined up, given in one line or in separate lines marked with the same sign. In the first case (after the letter t) the relative position of the most far off spots are given as above, and the order of the spots are also indicated, unless the spots are approximately in order of importance. # designates rather random distribution of spots. In this case (after the sign #) the occuring greatest difference in both heliographic coordinates are simply given. ________ IN THE LAST LINE of each day there are some global data on d a i l y spot activity and the ephemeris data for physical observation of the Sun for the time of photograph: - In braces are the heliographic latitude {Bo} and longitude {Lo} of the centre of the Sun's disc, and the position angle {Po} of the northern extremity of the Sun's axis of rotation measured eastward from the north point of the solar limb. - The first two numbers (immediately after the date) show the number of sunspots groups (g) and the Debrecen relative sunspot number: R(D)=10g+2(daily total projected umbra+penumbra area)/100 - The last two numbers in the column of Extra Data are the daily total p r o j e c t e d umbra and umbra+penumbra areas of sunspots. - The rest of the numbers are the daily sums of the relevant seven columns. ________ THREE-DIGIT NUMBER - (Cf. DPR 1977,pp.46-47.) from left to right: the largest f-spot, the intermediate section of the group, the largest p-spot. THE LARGEST p- AND f-SPOT OF THE GROUP Number Name Umbra area 1 x-spot U=0 2 y-spot U=1 3 small (s-)spot 15>=U>=2 4 middle-size (m-spot) 29>=U>=16 5 major (m-spot) 30>=U THE INTERMEDIATE SECTION OF THE GROUP Number The region around the middle of the group 6 One or more spots lie in the vicinity of the middle of the group while the group appears to be divided into two areas of opposite magnetic polarity. 7 Comparable to item 6 with the difference that there are at least two spots of opposite polarity where either the polarities seem to be inverted as compared to the Hale-Nicholson Law, or the proximity of two spots is supposed to build a delta-configuration. 8 The polarities have an irregular distribution. (The estimated magnetic inversion line is no longer an approximate straight line in the interior of the group, as generally in the cases of items 6 and 7.) 9 Extended penumbra(e) mostly in contact with penumbra areas of the main p- or/and f-spots,nevertheless one of the cases of items 6-8 also holds. Sometimes the entire group is enveloped in an almost continuous penumbra area. 0 Free of spots ________